Scottish Premiership
Replaced Scottish Premier League (1998–2013), Scottish Premier Division (1975–1998), Scottish Football League Division One (1890–1975)
NationalityAll
- All nationalities
- England239
- Scotland178
- Republic of Ireland64
- Australia40
- Wales30
- Northern Ireland27
- France18
- USA15
- Denmark14
- Germany14
- Japan13
- Netherlands13
- Austria12
- Canada12
- Croatia12
- Nigeria12
- Norway12
- Sweden12
- Belgium10
- Finland10
- Portugal9
- New Zealand6
- Serbia6
- Spain6
- Côte d'Ivoire5
- Ghana5
- Israel5
- Switzerland5
- Albania4
- Colombia4
- Congo DR4
- Greece4
- Jamaica4
- North Macedonia4
- Poland4
- Czechia3
- Korea Republic3
- Romania3
- Senegal3
- Türkiye3
- Argentina2
- Brazil2
- Bulgaria2
- Cameroon2
- Gambia2
- Guyana2
- Iceland2
- Kenya2
- Liberia2
- Mexico2
- Montenegro2
- Morocco2
- Sierra Leone2
- South Africa2
- Uganda2
- Ukraine2
- Uruguay2
- Venezuela2
- Zambia2
- Zimbabwe2
- Algeria1
- Burkina Faso1
- Cape Verde1
- Chinese Taipei1
- Congo1
- Costa Rica1
- Curaçao1
- Cyprus1
- Dominican Republic1
- Estonia1
- Grenada1
- Guinea-Bissau1
- Haiti1
- Honduras1
- Hungary1
- Latvia1
- Lithuania1
- Mali1
- Malta1
- Moldova1
- Palestine1
- Panama1
- Slovenia1
- St. Kitts and Nevis1
- Togo1
- Trinidad and Tobago1
- Tunisia1
- No matches
Goals, assists and cards count 2100 of 2114 stored matches (99%) that name a player. Appearances count 1434 matches with a stored lineup.
- 88
- 89
- 90
- 92
- 93
- 94
- 95
- 96
- 03
- 04
- 05
- 06
- 07
- 08
- 09
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
95% or more of matches name a playerSome matches name a playerNone recorded
1S. MaySt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneF–2314129906.74
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-20 | St Johnstone | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| 2020-21 | St Johnstone | 5 | 4 | 34 | 0 | 0 | 6.78 |
| 2021-22 | St Johnstone | 3 | 1 | 30 | 1 | 0 | 6.63 |
| 2022-23 | St Johnstone | 9 | 6 | 37 | 4 | 0 | 6.91 |
| 2023-24 | St Johnstone | 0 | 2 | 28 | 4 | 0 | 6.53 |
2
Callum HendrySt Johnstone· 28ySt JohnstoneF28182351426.83
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-18 | St Johnstone | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| 2018-19 | St Johnstone | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – |
| 2019-20 | St Johnstone | 7 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | – |
| 2020-21 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 16 | 3 | 1 | 6.50 |
| 2021-22 | St Johnstone | 9 | 0 | 19 | 6 | 0 | 7.08 |
3N. ClarkSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneF–17470316.82
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-23 | St Johnstone | 4 | 2 | 20 | 1 | 1 | 6.71 |
| 2023-24 | St Johnstone | 7 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 | 6.99 |
| 2024-25 | St Johnstone | 6 | 2 | 29 | 2 | 0 | 6.77 |
4C. KaneSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneF–167631516.75
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-18 | St Johnstone | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – |
| 2018-19 | St Johnstone | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – |
| 2019-20 | St Johnstone | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – |
| 2020-21 | St Johnstone | 4 | 1 | 28 | 4 | 0 | 6.82 |
| 2021-22 | St Johnstone | 3 | 0 | 18 | 4 | 1 | 6.77 |
| 2022-23 | St Johnstone | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6.75 |
| 2023-24 | St Johnstone | 1 | 0 | 15 | 3 | 0 | 6.62 |
5D. WotherspoonSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneM–1111692517.04
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-18 | St Johnstone | 3 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 1 | – |
| 2018-19 | St Johnstone | 2 | 4 | 0 | 5 | 0 | – |
| 2019-20 | St Johnstone | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | – |
| 2020-21 | St Johnstone | 3 | 4 | 37 | 6 | 0 | 7.21 |
| 2021-22 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 6.95 |
| 2022-23 | St Johnstone | 0 | 1 | 22 | 1 | 0 | 6.77 |
6M. O'HalloranSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneF–106501126.53
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-18 | St Johnstone | 5 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | – |
| 2018-19 | St Johnstone | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – |
| 2019-20 | St Johnstone | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – |
| 2020-21 | St Johnstone | 1 | 1 | 25 | 4 | 2 | 6.44 |
| 2021-22 | St Johnstone | 1 | 2 | 21 | 2 | 0 | 6.63 |
| 2022-23 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 6.55 |
6S. MacLeanSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneF–101050–
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-18 | St Johnstone | 10 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 0 | – |
8G. CareySt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneM–9141001306.93
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-23 | St Johnstone | 3 | 2 | 30 | 8 | 0 | 6.69 |
| 2023-24 | St Johnstone | 2 | 9 | 36 | 4 | 0 | 7.08 |
| 2024-25 | St Johnstone | 4 | 3 | 34 | 1 | 0 | 6.97 |
8
M. KennedySt Johnstone· 32ySt JohnstoneM3294030–
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-19 | St Johnstone | 6 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – |
| 2019-20 | St Johnstone | 3 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – |
8
Benjamin Mbunga-KimpiokaSt Johnstone· 26ySt JohnstoneF269243316.62
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-24 | St Johnstone | 3 | 0 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 6.66 |
| 2024-25 | St Johnstone | 6 | 2 | 26 | 2 | 1 | 6.59 |
8
Murray DavidsonSt Johnstone· 38ySt JohnstoneM3890484126.83
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-18 | St Johnstone | 5 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | – |
| 2018-19 | St Johnstone | 3 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 0 | – |
| 2019-20 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 | – |
| 2020-21 | St Johnstone | 1 | 0 | 21 | 4 | 0 | 6.84 |
| 2021-22 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 23 | 11 | 0 | 6.81 |
| 2022-23 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 6.83 |
12
Liam CraigSt Johnstone· 39ySt JohnstoneM39812393326.87
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-18 | St Johnstone | 3 | 5 | 0 | 7 | 0 | – |
| 2018-19 | St Johnstone | 2 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 0 | – |
| 2019-20 | St Johnstone | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 1 | – |
| 2020-21 | St Johnstone | 3 | 3 | 23 | 9 | 1 | 6.96 |
| 2021-22 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 16 | 8 | 0 | 6.74 |
12
D. WrightSt Johnstone· 31ySt JohnstoneM318378706.80
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-20 | St Johnstone | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| 2022-23 | St Johnstone | 7 | 1 | 38 | 4 | 0 | 6.75 |
| 2023-24 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 0 | 6.80 |
| 2024-25 | St Johnstone | 1 | 1 | 31 | 2 | 0 | 6.86 |
12
Adama SidibehSt Johnstone· 28ySt JohnstoneF288246716.84
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-24 | St Johnstone | 5 | 0 | 15 | 2 | 0 | 6.70 |
| 2024-25 | St Johnstone | 3 | 2 | 31 | 5 | 1 | 6.91 |
12
M. KirkSt Johnstone· 22ySt JohnstoneF228135106.82
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-25 | St Johnstone | 8 | 1 | 35 | 1 | 0 | 6.82 |
16
Ali McCannSt Johnstone· 26ySt JohnstoneM2664381306.87
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-20 | St Johnstone | 4 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | – |
| 2020-21 | St Johnstone | 2 | 2 | 34 | 7 | 0 | 6.85 |
| 2021-22 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 7.05 |
16B. AlstonSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneM–64030–
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-18 | St Johnstone | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – |
| 2018-19 | St Johnstone | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – |
16J. FowlerSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneF–6112006.81
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-27 | St Johnstone | 6 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 6.81 |
19
S. TanserSt Johnstone· 32ySt JohnstoneD325430606.84
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-18 | St Johnstone | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – |
| 2018-19 | St Johnstone | 3 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – |
| 2019-20 | St Johnstone | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – |
| 2020-21 | St Johnstone | 2 | 0 | 30 | 1 | 0 | 6.84 |
19A. CrawfordSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneM–5244106.80
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-22 | St Johnstone | 3 | 0 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 6.82 |
| 2022-23 | St Johnstone | 2 | 2 | 16 | 1 | 0 | 6.76 |
19
Guy MelamedSt Johnstone· 33ySt JohnstoneF335218006.72
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-21 | St Johnstone | 5 | 2 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 6.72 |
19
Jason KerrSt Johnstone· 29ySt JohnstoneM2951341237.02
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-18 | St Johnstone | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | – |
| 2018-19 | St Johnstone | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 1 | – |
| 2019-20 | St Johnstone | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | – |
| 2020-21 | St Johnstone | 1 | 0 | 31 | 2 | 1 | 6.99 |
| 2021-22 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 7.40 |
19
Shaun RooneySt Johnstone· 30ySt JohnstoneD3051501206.74
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-21 | St Johnstone | 2 | 1 | 27 | 4 | 0 | 6.73 |
| 2021-22 | St Johnstone | 3 | 0 | 23 | 8 | 0 | 6.76 |
24
Liam GordonSt Johnstone· 30ySt JohnstoneD30421312816.88
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-18 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – |
| 2019-20 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – |
| 2020-21 | St Johnstone | 1 | 1 | 36 | 5 | 0 | 6.87 |
| 2021-22 | St Johnstone | 1 | 0 | 31 | 10 | 0 | 6.92 |
| 2022-23 | St Johnstone | 2 | 1 | 32 | 7 | 0 | 6.83 |
| 2023-24 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 32 | 3 | 1 | 6.90 |
24D. McMillanSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneF–41000–
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-18 | St Johnstone | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| 2018-19 | St Johnstone | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
24
Joe ShaughnessySt Johnstone· 34ySt JohnstoneD3440030–
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-18 | St Johnstone | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – |
| 2018-19 | St Johnstone | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | – |
27
Melker HallbergSt Johnstone· 31ySt JohnstoneM3138441016.71
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-22 | St Johnstone | 1 | 6 | 14 | 3 | 1 | 6.79 |
| 2022-23 | St Johnstone | 2 | 2 | 30 | 7 | 0 | 6.67 |
27T. WattSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneF–33020–
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2018-19 | St Johnstone | 3 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – |
27
Craig ConwaySt Johnstone· 41ySt JohnstoneM413228007.04
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-21 | St Johnstone | 3 | 2 | 28 | 0 | 0 | 7.04 |
27
Glenn MiddletonSt Johnstone· 26ySt JohnstoneF263137206.67
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-21 | St Johnstone | 2 | 0 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 6.78 |
| 2021-22 | St Johnstone | 1 | 1 | 28 | 2 | 0 | 6.63 |
27J. MurphySt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneF–3024106.82
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-23 | St Johnstone | 3 | 0 | 24 | 1 | 0 | 6.82 |
32R. McGowanSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneD–22571506.93
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-23 | St Johnstone | 1 | 2 | 28 | 8 | 0 | 6.88 |
| 2023-24 | St Johnstone | 1 | 0 | 29 | 7 | 0 | 6.97 |
32
A. ConsidineSt Johnstone· 39ySt JohnstoneD392161626.73
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-23 | St Johnstone | 1 | 1 | 32 | 4 | 2 | 6.77 |
| 2023-24 | St Johnstone | 1 | 0 | 29 | 2 | 0 | 6.69 |
32D. JohnstoneSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneF–21020–
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-18 | St Johnstone | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | – |
32
Elliot WattSt Johnstone· 26ySt JohnstoneM26218207.07
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-25 | St Johnstone | 2 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 0 | 7.07 |
32M. KucheriavyiSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneM–2136806.82
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-23 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 6.85 |
| 2023-24 | St Johnstone | 2 | 0 | 28 | 6 | 0 | 6.84 |
| 2024-25 | St Johnstone | 0 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 6.65 |
32B. MikulicSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneD–2017006.47
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-25 | St Johnstone | 2 | 0 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 6.99 |
| 2026-27 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 4.04 |
32D. BalodisSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneD–2013006.89
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-25 | St Johnstone | 2 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 6.89 |
32
Josh CampbellSt Johnstone· 26ySt JohnstoneM26206106.37
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-27 | St Johnstone | 2 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 6.37 |
32K. FotheringhamSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneF–208016.64
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-27 | St Johnstone | 2 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 1 | 6.64 |
32T. StevenSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneF–2026506.76
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-24 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 6.60 |
| 2024-25 | St Johnstone | 1 | 0 | 14 | 1 | 0 | 6.76 |
| 2026-27 | St Johnstone | 1 | 0 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 6.76 |
42
Matthew SmithSt Johnstone· 26ySt JohnstoneM261454606.87
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-24 | St Johnstone | 1 | 3 | 34 | 4 | 0 | 6.90 |
| 2024-25 | St Johnstone | 0 | 1 | 20 | 2 | 0 | 6.82 |
42
J. McPakeSt Johnstone· 25ySt JohnstoneF251313006.99
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024-25 | St Johnstone | 1 | 3 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 6.99 |
42C. MacPhersonSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneM–12621606.81
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-22 | St Johnstone | 1 | 1 | 20 | 6 | 0 | 6.83 |
| 2022-23 | St Johnstone | 0 | 1 | 23 | 4 | 0 | 6.88 |
| 2023-24 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 12 | 3 | 0 | 6.67 |
| 2024-25 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 7 | 3 | 0 | 6.72 |
42
James BrownSt Johnstone· 28ySt JohnstoneD281264806.61
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-21 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 6.52 |
| 2021-22 | St Johnstone | 0 | 2 | 22 | 2 | 0 | 6.66 |
| 2022-23 | St Johnstone | 1 | 0 | 26 | 5 | 0 | 6.58 |
| 2023-24 | St Johnstone | 0 | 0 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 6.64 |
42
Connor McLennanSt Johnstone· 27ySt JohnstoneF271126406.58
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-23 | St Johnstone | 1 | 1 | 26 | 4 | 0 | 6.58 |
42
Diallang JaiyesimiSt Johnstone· 28ySt JohnstoneM281116116.57
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-24 | St Johnstone | 1 | 1 | 16 | 1 | 1 | 6.57 |
42E. AlićSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneD–115107.08
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2026-27 | St Johnstone | 1 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 7.08 |
42G. CumminsSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneF–11000–
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-18 | St Johnstone | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
42J. ButterfieldSt JohnstoneSt JohnstoneM–1118406.62
| Season | Club | Goals | Ast | Apps | YC | RC | Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021-22 | St Johnstone | 1 | 1 | 18 | 4 | 0 | 6.62 |
Sources: Wikipedia (CC BY-SA 4.0), API-Football · Data sources